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1 Abel, John Jacob
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 19 May 1857 near Cleveland, Ohio, USAd. 26 May 1938 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]American pharmacologist and physiologist, proponent of the "artificial kidney" and the isolator of pure insulin.[br]Born of German immigrant farming stock, his early scientific education at the University of Michigan, where he graduated PhB in 1883, suffered from a financially dictated interregnum of three years. In 1884 he moved to Leipzig and worked under Ludwig, moving to Strasbourg where he obtained his MD in 1888. In 1891 he was able to return to the University of Michigan as Lecturer in Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and in 1893 he was offered the first Chair of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, a position he occupied until 1932. He was a pioneer in emphasizing the importance of chemistry, in its widest sense, in medicine and physiology. In his view, "the investigator must associate himself with those who have laboured in fields where molecules and atoms rather than multi-cellular tissues or even unicellular organisms are the units of study".Soon after coming to Baltimore he commenced work on extracts from the adrenal medulla and in 1899 published his work on epinephrine. In later years he developed an "artificial kidney" which could be used to remove diffusible substances from the blood. In 1913 he was able to demonstrate the existence of free amino-acids in the blood and his investigations in this field foreshadowed not only the developments of blood and plasma transfusion but also the possibility of the management of renal failure.From 1917 to 1924 he moved to a study of the hormone content of pituitary extracts, but in 1924 he suddenly transferred his attention to the study of insulin. In 1925 he announced the discovery of pure crystalline hormone. This work at first failed to gain full acceptance, but as late as 1955 the full elucidation of the protein structure of insulin proved the final culmination of his studies.Abel's dedication to laboratory research and his disdain for matters of administration may explain the relative paucity of worldy honours awarded to such an outstanding figure.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS.Bibliography1913, "On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood by means of dialysis", Transactions of the Association of American Physiologists.Further Reading1939, Obituary Notices, Fellows of the Royal Society, London: Royal Society.1946, Biographical Memoir: John Jacob Abel. 1857–1938, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.MG -
2 Medical technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Chamberlen, Peter (the elder)Fabricius, HieronymusLister, JosephMarton, Ladislaus
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Abel , John Jacob — (1857–1938) American biochemist Abel was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of a farmer. He was educated at the University of Michigan and Johns Hopkins University. He spent the years 1884–90 in Europe studying at Leipzig, Heidelberg, Würzburg,… … Scientists
Abel, John Jacob — ▪ American physiological chemist born May 19, 1857, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. died May 26, 1938, Baltimore, Md. American pharmacologist and physiological chemist who made important contributions to a modern understanding of the ductless, or… … Universalium
John Jacob Abel — Infobox Scientist name = John Jacob Abel box width = image width =150px caption = John Jacob Abel birth date = May 19, 1857 birth place = Cleveland, Ohio death date = May 26, 1938 death place = residence = citizenship = nationality = American… … Wikipedia
John Jacob Abel — (* 19. Mai 1857 in Cleveland, Ohio; † 26. Mai 1938 in Baltimore, Maryland) war ein US amerikanischer Biochemiker und Pharmakologe. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Werk 2 Bedeutende Schriften … Deutsch Wikipedia
John Jacob Abel — (Cleveland, 19 de mayo de 1857 – Baltimore,26 de mayo de 1938)Quimico y farmacólogo estadounidense, cuyas investigaciones supusieron importantes avances en el campo de la farmacología. Se graduó en la Universidad de Míchigan en 1883 como experto… … Wikipedia Español
Abel (Homonymie) — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom … Wikipédia en Français
Abel (surname) — Family name name = Abel imagesize= caption= pronunciation = meaning = breath from the given name Abel, the second son of Adam and Eve region = origin = Biblical related names =Aapeli footnotes =Abel is a surname, and may refer to: * Alan Abel (b … Wikipedia
Abel (Familienname) — Relative Häufigkeit des Namens Abel in Deutschland (Stand: Juni 2010) Abel ist ein deutscher, englischer und französischer Familienname. Inhaltsverzeichnis A B C D E … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abel (homonymie) — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : « Abel (homonymie) », sur le Wiktionnaire (dictionnaire universel) Abel est un nom propre qui peut… … Wikipédia en Français
Abel (Son of Adam) — Abel † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Abel (From the Hebrew word for Vanity, probably so called from the shortness of his life Gesenius; Gr., Abel, whence Eng. form). Abel was the second son of Adam. Vigouroux and Hummelauer contend that … Catholic encyclopedia
John Caldwell Calhoun — (né le 18 mars 1782 en Caroline du Sud et mort le 31 mars 1850 à Washington D.C.) est un important politicien américain durant la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Il est le pre … Wikipédia en Français
